[스크랩] 토익에 자주나오는 숙어

 토익에 자주나오는 숙어

토익 학습에 필요한 어휘 정리는 1년치의 출제 경향 파악이 가장 훌륭한 방법입니다. ● 2003. 파트 5 총정리 조현수영어교실 http://cafe.daum.net/naivecho ■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (동사) 조현수 (코리아헤럴드) 1. this fabric will [shrink] 줄어들다 (shrink - shrank - shrunk) 2. A good supervisor [creates] an environment in which ~ 만들다, 창조하다 *creative 창의적인 3. equipment should be [ordered] from the office *should be ordered 수동태 > we should order equipment from the office (능동태) 4. agenda~, a copy of which is (attached) to this memo *be attached to ~에 첨부되다 5. has [renewed] the multi-year contract with ABC, Inc. *renew the contract = update the contract 계약을 갱신하다 6. request that 주어 + [analyze] the report *request/require/ask/suggest/recommend ... that subject + root *analyze 분석하다 *analysis 분석 7. We booked early to be (assured) of good seats *be assured of ~를 보장받다 8. The trees (need) to be watered *need to be watered (수동태) > You need to water the trees (능동태) 9. (earn) high wages *earn wages 월급을 벋다 cf. earn the largest revenue 10. ~ be sure that the models you have selected (comply) with all building and electrical specifications *comply with ~와 일치하다 (be compliant with) 11. (Attach) the address label firmly to the envelope~ *attach A to B: A를 B에 붙이다/첨부하다 12. He used to (sell) more than 20 cars *used to root: ~하곤 했다 13. look forward to meeting them and to (discussing) the problems *look forward to ~ing/noun: ~를 고대하다 *discuss the problems = talk about the problems 14. is closely (related) to the issue *be closely related to ~와 밀접한 관련이 있다 15. graduates (looking) for jobs *graduates looking for jobs = graduates who are looking for jobs 16. The director (will be) out of the office until Monday *be out of the office 자리를 비우다 17. We have difficulty (sleeping) *have difficulty ~ing: ~하는 데 어려움을 겪다 18. requests that S (make) certain that ~ *request that subject + root *make certain that ~ = make sure that ~ = ensure that ~: ~를 보장하다 19. be able to (offer) customers improved prices ~ *be able to root = be capable of ~ing: ~할 수 있다 *offer IO DO 20. The target has already been (exceeded) *The target has been already exceeded (수동) > (능동) We have already exceeded the target *exceed vt. ~를 초과하다 *in excess of ~를 초과하는 21. He (briefed) the members on the project ~ *brief A on B: A에게 B를 간략히 설명하다 22. ~ the human resources department (intends) to recruit workers *intend to do: ~할 작정이다 (plan to do) 23. He (joined) the University thirty six years ago *join the university 대학에 들어가다 *six years ago, yesterday, last year ... + 과거시제 24. If supervisors (ask) employees to work overtime, ~ *조건의 부사절(if, unless, once...)에서는 미래대신 현재 사용 25. The machine is poorly (designed) *The machine is poorly designed 설계가 형편없다 (수동) > They poorly design the machine (능동) *be designed to do: ~하도록 고안되다 26. The corporation (was restructuring) its textile division *과거 진행형 (was/were + -ing) *restructure 구조조정하다 27. Please (leave) your hotel key at the front desk ~ *Please + root *leave 두다 *Please complete the form 28. Residents of company housing are (billed) directly by the electronics company *the company bill residents (능동): 주민들에게 청구서를 보내다 > residents are billed by the company (수동) 29. ~ (rely on) tourism as an import!ant source of revenue *rely on = depend on ~에 의지하다 *be reliable 믿을만하다 30. The employees have complained that new uniforms do not (fit) them properly *fit ~ properly: ~에게 적합하다/딱맞다 31. ~ those (working) in an assembly area should ~ *those working ~ = those who work ~ (~에서 일하는 사람들) *명사 + ~ing = 명사 + 관계대명사 + 본동사 32. ~ teachers are expected (to arrive) ~ *we expect that teachers will arrive ~ = it is expected that teachers will arrive ~ = teachers are expected to arrive ~ 33. ~ the advertising campaign (has had) a noticeable influence on sales for the past three years *현재완료 + for/in/over the past/last three years *have an influence/effect/impact on ~에 영향을 미치다 = affect 34. ~ the registration for annual conference (includes) a year"s subscription for ~ *include ~를 포함하다 *including (전) ~를 포함하여 35. ~ implication on high court decisions (dealing) with manufacturer liability *decisions dealing with ~ = decisions which deal with ~ 36. (To expedite) the procession of your claim, ~ *To expedite ~: ~를 진척시키기 위해 (목적의 부사적용법) 37. The information should be [written] carefully *we should write the information carefully (능동) > the information should be written carefully (수동) 38. try to [expand] its market *try to expand ~: ~를 확장하려고 노력하다 *expansion of ~: ~의 확장 39. Our company is pleased [to announce] that ~ *be pleased to announce ~: ~를 발표하게 되어 기쁘다 40. [Having] heard the news, she began to cry = After she had heard the news, she began to cry *having pp. (완료분사구문) cf. (Being) Located in ~ (수동분사구문) 41. the company is [going through] a difficult time *go through ~를 겪다 (experience, undergo) 42. Candidates are asked to [indicate] their interests by checking the box ~ *indicate one"s interests 관심사를 나타내다 43. The country [emerged] as a leader *emerge 나타나다 (show up, turn up, appear) cf. emergency 응급상황 44. [solicit] proposals *solicit proposals 제안서를 요청하다 cf. solicit funds 기금을 요청하다 45. The customers with complaints are advised to (speak) with the customer service representative *speak with = contact = get in touch with ~와 연락하다 46. (By comparing) features and prices on different models, ~ *by ~ing: ~함으로써 *compare 비교하다 47. Half of the employees (commute) to work by bicycle *commute to work 출퇴근하다, 통근하다 *commuter 통근자 48. must (authorize) any use of the equipment *authorize 인가하다, 허가하다 *the authority to do: ~할 권한 *authorized 인가받은 49. Clients (are invited) to place their donations *we invite clients to place their donations (능동태) > clients are invited to place donations (수동태) cf. be asked/required/advised/expected to do 50. was (associated) closely with ~ *be associated with ~: ~와 관련이 있다 51. The freshness of vegetables (varies) from restaurant to restaurant *vary (자) 다양하다; (타) 변경하다 *various 다양한 *a variety of 다양한 52. was designed to (meet) the production deadline *meet ~를 충족시키다 (satisfy) 53. In order to (avoid) a financial setback, S +V *avoid 피하다 *in order to do = so as to do ~하기 위해서 54. a chart which (summarizes) the corporation"s profits *summarize 요약하다 55. have strongly (criticized) several provisions *criticize 비판하다 *critical 비판적인; 중대한 *criticism 비평 *critic 비평가 56. All employees can (borrow) computer handbooks from the library *borrow A from B: B로부터 A를 빌리다 cf. lend A to B: B에게 A를 빌려주다 57. should not let the recent problems with foreign sales (affect) the company"s long-term export plans *affect = have an effect/influence/impact on ~에 영향을 미치다 58. The company has (devised) a new tracking system *devise 고안하다 (invent, create) 59. (comply) with the specifications *comply with = be compliant with ~와 일치하다 60. Calvin Technologies will be (holding) a press conference *hold a conference 회의를 개최하다 *be held = take place (개최되다) 61. the price ~ (includes) *include 포함하다 62. (do) business with ~ *do business with ~와 거래하다 63. Since ~ing, he (has) closed the shop *since + 과거시점, 주어 + 현재완료(have pp.) 64. are frequently (disrupted) by ~ *disrupt 방해하다 65. his speech (contradicted) the television. news *contradict ~에 반박하다 66. The company is (dedicated) to the quality control *be dedicated to 명: ~에 헌신하다 (be committed to ~) *dedicated employees 헌신적인 직원들 67. Politicians should not (engage) in business affairs *engage in ~에 관여하다 68. (to reduce) taxes ~ *reduce 줄이다 (curtail) 69. Please (complete) the enclosed survey *complete ~를 완성하다 (fill out, fill in) *Please + 동사원형 70. the architect will (describe) the layout *describe 설명하다 *description 설명 71. the line-graph (illustrates) a further rise in ~ *illustrate (도해로) 설명하다 72. seminars can help (broaden) the knowledge of ~ *help (to) broaden: ~를 넓히도록 돕다 73. keep our sales staff (informed) of ~ *keep A informed of B: A에게 B를 지속적으로 알리다 74. national elections for public office are (scheduled) regularly *be scheduled reguarly: 정기적으로 예정되어 있다 75. when subjected (to) processing *be subjected to -ing: ~를 겪다 (undergo, go through, experience) 76. it is (expected) that this tentative agreement will be reached *we expect that he will marry her = it is expected that he will marry her = he is expected to marry her 77. is (restricted) to the authorized staff *be restricted to ~에게 한정되다 78. Our shift overseer (predicts) that the president will retire ~ *predict that ~: 예측하다 79. Employees (agreeing) to transfer to the branch office will receive ~ *Employees agreeing ~ = Employees who agree ~ 80. When (mailing) your payment~ *when mailing ~ = when you mail ~ 81. gave employees a memo, requesting that they (sign) out for breaks *sign out: 이름을 적고 나가다 82. be committed to (providing) quality products *provide ~를 제공하다 (타동사) *be committed to -ing: ~에 전념하다 83. the papers were shredded when the contract (expired) *expire 만기가 되다 *expiration; expiry n. 84. outstanding balance must (be paid) unless ~ *you must pay outstanding balance (Active) > outstanding balance must be paid (Passive) 85. Mr. Bin has been (chosen) as a vice president *we have chosen Mr. Bin as ~ (Active) > Mr. Bin has been chosen as ~ (Passive) 86. make sure that the qualifications (match) the job responsibilities *match ~와 어울리다, 일치하다 87. The theater does not (permit) dogs *permit = allow 입장을 허가하다 88. You are not legally (obligated) to do *be obligated to do: ~할 의무가 있다 *obligation 의무 89. without being (sent) to ~ *without sending ~: 능동태 > without being sent ~: 수동태 90. prefer (to maintain) ~ *prefer to do: 선호하다 *maintain ~를 유지하다 (타동사) 91. be (designed) to provide more benefits *be designed to do: ~하도록 설계되다/고안되다 92. the new washing machine can (hold) fifty percent of the clothes *hold clothes 옷를 담다 93. (Responding) to the deficiencies of ~ *respond to ~에 응답하다 *responding to ~에 응답하면서 (분사구문) 94. the agreement can be (terminated) *terminate 종료시키다 95. The new research team (joining) our department will begin ~ *The new research team which joins ~ = The new rsearch team joining ~ 96. The Health Ministry (advised) Yerba Foods that ~ were still to be approved by ~ *advise A that ~: 조언하다 97. make it a point (to recognize) ~ *make it a point to do = make it a rule to do = be in the habit of -ing (습관적으로 ~하다) 98. ~ was forced to (decline) the invitation ~ *decline the invitation 초대를 거절하다 *be forced to do: ~하지 않을 수 없다 cf. decline = turn down, reject 99. (Located) in ~, the Thai Center *Because it is located ~: ~에 위치하고 있기에... = Located in ~ (수동태 분사구문) 100. If the rule is strictly (followed), *If you follow the rule strictly (능동태) > If the rule is strictly followed (수동태) 101. should (look) over the results carefully ~ *look over = examine, inspect 검토하다 102. by (varying) the delivery routes *by varying ~: ~를 변경함으로써 103. If ~ had not been reported so quickly, we (would not have received) ~ *가정법과거완료 (If ~ had pp., ~ would/could/might + have pp.) 104. If its proposal (had been) more detailed, ~ + would be *혼합가정법 (If ~ had pp., ~ would/could/might + do) 105. If ~ had pp., ~ + (could have been organized) *가정법과거완료 106. [Mounting] pressure from the press *mounting pressure 증가하는 압력 107. Buyers [interested] in the newest group may visit ~ *Buyers (who are) interested in ~ 108. [stand in for] their colleagues *stand in for = fill in for ~의 빈자리를 대신하다 ■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (명사) 조현수 (코리아헤럴드) 1. read a large [variety] of books, ranging from A to B *a large/wide variety of ~: 아주 다양한 ~ cf. various = diverse 다양한 2. customer [satisfaction] is of prime concern to us ~ *customer satisfaction 고객 만족 *사람 is satisfied with 사물 *사물 is satisfactory to 사람 3. pay attention to secondary [effects] of environmental pollution *secondary effects 부수적인 영향 *have an effect on = affect ~에 영향을 미치다 4. arrange payments to a number of [distributors] *distributor 유통업자 *distribution 유통 5. long-standing [commitment] to top quality service has ~ *long-standing commitment to ~: ~에 대한 장기적인 헌신/전념 *be committed to ~ing: ~에 헌신하다 6. take into [account] = take into consideration *take ~ into account/consideration: ~를 고려하다 7. you have the [authority] to make a decision *the authority to do: ~할 권한 *an authority on ~: ~의 권위자 8. two million dollars" (worth) of cargo *2백만달러어치의 화물 9. at the (urging) of ~ *~의 촉구로 10. ~ requires that all new accountants obtain national accounting (certification) within six months of being hired *national accounting certification 국가공인 회계 자격증 11. Some revisions have been made to the (proposal) *proposal 제안서 *solicit proposals 제안을 요청하다 12. making (attempts) to reduce the costs *make an attempt to do: ~를 시도하다 13. ~ the (aim) of the annual convention is to nominate a chairperson *aim 목표 (objective, purpose, goal) 14. ~ give him a (copy) of the quarterly report *a copy of the report 보고서 한 부 15. ~ take on the (coordination) of the event ~ *take on the coordination of ~의 조정/기획을 떠맡다 16. What is the general (consensus)? *general consensus 전반적인 의견 일치 17. The (address) is 15 Elm Street. *address 주소 18. Director Kim"s (conclusion) was that ~ *conclusion 결론 *conclude 결론짓다 19. to be in (observance) of the national holiday *in observance of ~를 준수하여 *observation 관찰 20. we need your bank account (information) *bank account information 은행 계좌 정보 21. A welcome (reception) for the newly hired employees will be held ~ *reception 환영회 *recipient 수령인 22. the written (notification) of their plan *written notification 서면 통보 23. ~ visitors almost always express (amazement) at the immensity of information *express amazement 놀라움을 나타내다 *사람 is amazed at 사물 *사물 is amazing to 사람 24. the (analysis) of political and economic trends *analysis 분석 *analyze 분석하다 *analyst 분석가 25. He was transferred over from the billing section to the new division of (collections) *division of collections 수금 부서 26. ~ require (access) to the quarterly budget reports *require access to ~: ~의 사용허가를 요구하다 27. ~ has demonstrated the highest (productivity) over the past years *high productivity 높은 생산성 *productive 생산적인 *production figures 생산수치 28. ~ in accordance with the (procedures) established by the agency *procedures 절차 29. The [escalator] is temporarily out of order. *escalator 에스컬레이터 30. The dining expenses ares the participant"s [responsibility] *responsibility 책임, 의무 *be responsible for ~ = be in charge of ~를 담당하다/책임지다 *respond to ~에 응답하다 31. need an accurate [diagnosis] *diagnosis 진단 *diagnose 진단하다 32. the assistant"s job [description] includes ~ *job description (구인광고의) 직책 설명 33. ~ will be an [advantage], but not a prerequisite ~ *advantage 이점, 장점 *advantageous 이로운 34. new product [information] *product information 제품 정보 35. reduce the [likelihood] of ~ *likelihood of ~: ~의 가능성 *be likely to do: ~할 것 같다 36. implies (agreement) with our terms conditions. *agreement with/to/on ~에 대한 동의/합의 37. The article about the planned refinery (expansion) appeared ~ *expansion 확장 *expand its market 시장을 확장하다 38. It can cause allergic (reactions) in certain people *allergic reactions 알레르기 반응 *be allergic to ~: ~에 대해 알레르기가 있다 39. Please put the letter in the (envelope) provided by the company *envelope 봉투 *envelop 봉투에 넣다 40. the business (sense) is necessary *business sense 사업 감각 41. The new machinery will save our (production) time *production time 생산소요시간 42. the latest (advances) in the technology have enabled us to develop ~ *advances in ~: ~의 진보/발전 (improvements in ~) 43. offer financial (incentives) *financial incentives 재정적인 장려금 44. The tickets will be provided to the (attendees) in advance *attendee 참석자 *attendance 참석률 *attend the meeting 회의에 참석하다 45. the system requires that every (user) have a four-digit access code *user 사용자 46. the only florist in the (area) that allows customers to choose and cut flowers themselves *in the area 그 지역에서 47. Customers can contact an authorized retailer for (clarification) *clarification 확인 *clarify 확인하다; 명확하게 하다 48. review the interesting (paper) about refinancing loans *paper 서류, 문서 49. try to establish the (appeal) of its proposed pocket computer *the appeal of ~: ~의 매력 50. require the information on the (quality) of the water *the quality of ~: ~의 품질 51. before the (close) of the stock market *the close of the stock market: 주식시장의 마감시간 52. Managers are eligible to receive the (award) if they reach the sales goals *receive the award 상을 받다 53. be responsible for (damage) resulting from ~ *be responsible for damage: 피해에 대해 책임지다 54. one of the fastest-growing global (delivery) companies *global delivery company 세계적인 배달업체 55. Mr. Kim"s (performance) was greater than any other employee"s *performance 업무수행; 실적 56. Mr. Cho, the (founder) of the company ~ *founder 설립자, 창립자 *found - founded - founded (설립하다) 57. no (exceptions) can be made *make an exception 예외로 하다 58. encourage (proposals) related to the current issues *encourage proposals 제안을 독려하다 59. the atmosphere of trust and (cooperation) *신뢰와 협력의 분위기 60. by independent (arbitration) *독립적인 중재에 의해 *arbitrator 중재자 61. the product features the new springtime fresh (scent) *fresh scent 신선한 향기 62. After the tremendous (success) of the marketing strategy ~ *the success of ~: ~의 성공 *succeed in ~ing: 성공하다 *successful 성공적인 *successive 연속적인 63. offers outstanding (examples) of the residential models ~ *example 본보기 64. apply for the position of branch (manager) *branch manager 지점장 65. check the electrical (connection) to the regfrigerator ~ *electrical connection 전원 연결 66. If you want to return the products, please note that the shipping (charges) will not be refunded *shipping charges 운송료 67. (Applicants) for the position will be contacted ~ *applicant 지원자 *application 지원서; 바르는 약/화장품 68. by filling out a (complaint) form *complaint form 불만 신고서 *complain of/about ~: ~에 대해 불평하다 69. check if there are (cancellations) *cancellation 취소 70. the recent status of the (economy) is unstable *the status of the economy 경제 상황 *status quo 현상태 71. One of the most frequent (complaints) airline passengers make is that the overhead compartments are too small. *complaint 불평 72. the road will be closed for (renovation) *for renovation 보수공사를 위해 73. The company is under (pressure) from the competitors *under pressure 압박을 받고 있는 74. have easy (access) to the report *have easy access to ~: ~에 쉽게 접근할 수 있다 75. a total (budget) of the organization *total budget 총예산 76. spend their (time) reading books *spend one"s time ~ing: ~하면서 시간을 보내다 77. The project needs sense of (sophistication) *정교한 감각 *business sense 사업 감각 78. The facilities will offer offer various fitness (activities) *fitness activities 건강 증진 활동 79. earn the largest (revenue) *earn a large revenue 큰 수입을 올리다 80. a (renewal) of its urban center will bring ~ *renewal of ~: ~의 쇄신 (renovation of ~) 81. can make an (exception) *make an exception 예외로 하다 82. employees" (progress) toward their goals *progress toward ~: ~로의 전진 83. there were various (observations) about ~ *observation 관측; 관찰 84. the (prospect) of the economic recovery awaits us *prospect of ~: ~의 전망 85. (profits) from the community book sale are increasing markedly ~ *profits from ~로부터의 수익 86. Please send your resume at your earliest (convenience) *at your earliest convenience 여유있는대로 신속하게 87. (Completion) of our satisfaction questionnaire is import!ant *completion of ~: ~의 완성/작성 88. provides significant (benefits) to the company *benefits 이익; 혜택 89. is gaining (momentum) *gain momentum 추진력을 얻다 90. will not accept any late (entries) for the contest *entry 출품작 ■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (대명사) 조현수 (코리아헤럴드) 1. take the initiative for completing assignments by [themselves] - *by themselves = on their own = alone 2. (his) daughter"s clarinet recital *소유격 + 명사 3. does not have (any) of the equipment *부정문, 조건절: any 4. (their) animals are not permitted into the building *소유격 + 명사 5. textile plants, (which) are gradually moving to urban area *사물, which 6. we will position (ours) as the premier refrigerator *ours = our refrigerator 7. the delegates to the conference ~, (they) were *the delegates (대표자들) > they 8. if your office has (any) questions about ~ *부정문, 조건절: any 9. ~ operations will not begin for (another) month *for another month: 한 달 더 10. (All) skaters competing in the race ~ *all skaters, all the skaters, all of the skaters 11. ~ has not finished (ours) yet. *ours = our report 12. ~ revenue figures of the company are remarkably similar to (those) of the previous 4 years *those of ~ = the revenue figures of ~ 13. the company ~ that [it] offers ~ *the company > it 14. of the three offers, two are unacceptable, while [the other] is possible *나머지 하나: the other *또 하나: another *나머지 전부: the others, the rest 15. [whichever] you choose will meet the requirements ~ *whichever you choose = anything (which) you choose 16. The new train line, (which) has been running since March, will be ~ *사물, which 17. (Anyone) interested in joining the company softball team should contact ~ *anyone (who is) interested in ~ = whoever is interested in ~ 18. The vice president is reviewing (all) of the contract amendments *all amendments, all the amendments, all of the amendments 19. a version of (their) own *소유격 + own 20. can start (his) own business *소유격 + own + 명사 21. Today, (it) is known that even moderate exercise can be beneficial *we know that ~ = it is known that ~ 22. managers must choose from several courses of action, (none) of which is completely right or wrong *, none of which ~ = , and none of them ~ 23. We receive the order ~ (some) weeks ago *some weeks ago 몇주전에 24. help (them) choose *help them choose = help them to choose 25. hairbrushes, (which) are made of plastic *사물, which 26. If a mountain hiker wants a backpack, he or she can rent (one) ~ *a backpack > one 27. minimize (their) production costs *소유격 + 명사 28. and (neither) will Mr. Jefferson *and neither will A = and A will not ... either 29. program (that) will begin ~ *사물 that/which ~ 30. people (who) were interviewed will receive a call *사람 who ~ 31. to replace (their) sugary snacks *소유격 + 형용사 + 명사 32. (all) participants should remember that ~ *all participants, all the participants, all of the participants 33. When the batteries are out, please replace them with new (ones). *batteries > ones 34. a carpenter (who) is good at handcrafted pieces ~ *사람 who ~ 35. on (her) desk *소유격 + 명사 36. (those) who are interested in joining the campaign *those who are interested in ~: ~에 관심있는 사람들 37. by (themselves) *by themselves = on their own = alone 38. your enterprise would not have (its) own sales force *소유격 + own + 명사 *the enterprise (기업) > it 39. please contact the customer service representative (yourself) *명령문 ~ yourself 40. a set of corrective results, (which) he thinks will remedy *사물, which 41. (other) companies will join the competition *other companies *another company ■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (형용사) 조현수 (코리아헤럴드) 1. the system upgrade will be [complete] until ~ *be complete 완료되다 (be + adjective) 2. Dr. Kim was very [emphatic] about the status quo *be emphatic about ~: ~를 강조하다 (have an emphasis on) 3. be [eligible] to enter the contest *be eligible to do: ~할 자격이 있다 cf. be eligible for 명사 4. ~ do not consider our company [progressive], because ~ are conservative *progressive 진보적인 *conservative 보수적인 5. The schedule has been listed in [chronological] order *in chronological order = chronologically 연대순으로 6. You are required to wear (protective) clothing *protective clothing 보호복 7. Supplies of staple food such as corn and wheat are running (short) *run short 부족해지다 cf. run out of ~를 다 쓰다 8. He has been abroad for (several) years *for several years 몇해 동안 cf. for some years 몇해 동안 9. It is not (economical) to replace the equipment ~ *economical 경제적인; 절약하는 (frugal) cf. economic slump 경기침체 10. ~, our fully equipped child-care center, (available) to all members at no extra cost *available 이용 가능한 cf. unavailable 이용 불가능한 11. He was (experienced) and dynamic *experienced 경험 많은 cf. dynamic 활동적인 (energetic) 12. The information should be as (specific) as possible *specific 구체적인; 상세한(detailed) 13. Because the overhead projector was (unavailable) *unavailable 이용 불가능한 14. ~ the sales division will remain (contingent) on ~ *be contingent on ~를 조건으로 하다 15. Everyone has been (cooperative) ~ *be cooperative 협력하다 16. The machine will become (operational) early next year *become operational 가동되다 17. The (diverse) tourist attractions of the town will continue to attract tourists over the next decade ~ *diverse 다양한 (various) 18. ~ the premier (medical) research organization ~ *medical research organization 의료 연구 기관 19. The workers are less (likely) to become bored ~ *be likely to do: ~할 가능성이 있다; ~하기 쉽다 (be apt to do; be liable to do; tend to do) *the likelihood of ~: ~의 가능성 20. The division will be staffed by (dedicated) representatives *dedicated representatives 헌신적인 직원들 *be dedicated to 명사: ~에 헌신하다 21. ~ as (little) as 40% per person *as little as ~만큼 적은 (양) 22. ~ the newly elected administration has already showed the demonstrated (unwavering) commitment to the economic reform. *unwavering commitment to 명사: ~에 대한 부동의 전념 23. ~ an (impressive) new line of fuel efficient cars *impressive 인상적인 24. (Subsequent) events show ~ *subsequent 연속적인 cf. for the fifth consecutive month 5개월 연속으로 25. ABC Motors is the [third] largest company in the country *the third largest company 세번째로 큰 회사 26. The employees were awarded for their [creative] products *creative 창의적인 *create 창조하다 27. [confirm!ed] reservations cannot be canceled *confirm!ed reservations 확인이 끝난 예약 28. for the [upcoming] school year *upcoming 다가오는 29. Ne employees will require intensive [formal] training *formal training 정식 교육 30. conduct an [extensive] search *extensive research 광범위한 조사 31. it should be accompanied by [valid] receipts *valid receipts 유효한 영수증 32. Items that are (unclaimed) after thirty days will be discarded ~ *unclaimed 찾아가지 않는 33. You can obtain some information from (detailed) national and local maps. *detailed 상세한 34. If you have a (special) meal request, contact us ahead ~ *special meal request 특별한 식사 주문 35. for the (proposed) furniture factory *proposed ~: 제안된/건의된 ~ 36. on the new (consolidated) income statement *consolidated 통합된 37. ~, more (established) companies outsource ~ *established (기반이) 튼튼한 38. seems to be (attractive) to families *be attractive to 사람: ~에게 매력적이다 39. the editorial page of the daily newspaper is more (enlightening) but what they read first is the sports article *enlightening 계몽적인, 교훈적인 40. personal information can not be released without (written) consent *without written consent 동의서없이 41. decide on A over B because it would be the (easier) to implement *the 비교급 of the two ~ 42. Physics is much too (demanding) for them *demanding = very difficult 43. (Barring) an out-of-court settlement, ~ *barring = except for ~가 없다면 (if it were not for~, but for ~, without ~) 44. donations for this year"s charity event (benefiting) our local theater *benefit the theater = help the theater 45. Of the eight candidates, Mr. Kim is the (most) highly qualified. *the + 최상급 + of the 복수명사 46. a (regular) assessmentis scheduled ~ *regular assessment 정기적인 평가 47. for the fifth (consecutive) month *5개월 연속으로 48. a diet may be more (beneficial) *beneficial 유익한 cf. beneficiary 수혜자 49. The aircraft proceeded with (impressive) speed *impressive speed 인상적인 속도 50. lots of materials are (available) from the main office *available 이용 가능한 51. with (visual) aids *visual aids 시각 교구 52. is less (expensive) than expected ~ *less expensive than ~: ~보다 저렴한 53. transfer (perishable) goods *perishable goods 부패하기 쉬운 상품 54. is (available) for private functions ~ *available 이용 가능한 55. the problem will require (comprehensive) testing *comprehensive testing 종합 검사 56. Juanita is the most (reliable) employee *reliable 믿음직한 57. should take (quick) action to avoid ~ing *take quick action 신속한 조치를 취하다 58. from professional (financial) advisors *financial advisor 재정 고문 59. a (limited) number of products remain *a limited number of ~: 한정된 수의 ~ 60. The proposals should be (innovative) *innovative 혁신적인 61. on (environmental) hazards *environmental hazards 환경적인 위험 62. they used (combined) experience *combined experience 경험의 결합 63. on the (finished) project *finished project 완성된 프로젝트 64. The company is an (import!ant) client in Asia *import!ant client 중요한 고객 65. The more complicated ~, the (steeper) ~ *the + 비교급, the + 비교급: ~할수록 더욱 더 ~하다 66. part-time employees are also (eligible) for consideration *be eligible for ~에 대한 자격이 있다 67. The noise was (disturbing) to them *disturbing 혼동을 주는; 방해가 되는 68. have produced quality products in the (past) ten years *in the past ten years 지난 10년동안 69. to gather (accurate) information *accurate inofrmation 정확한 정보 70. is not (responsible) for damage resulting from ~ *be responsible for ~에 대해 책임지다 71. a more (exciting) marketing campaign *exciting + 사물 72. Moisture is (capable) of causing ~ *be capable of ~ing = be able to do: ~할 수 있다 73. their (busy) telephone lines *busy telephone line 통화중인 전화선 74. we are (pleased) to announce ~ *be pleased to do: ~하게 되어 기쁘다 75. March 15th fits [better] for my schedule * fit well 잘 맞다 *well - better - best 76. children as [young] as ten *as young as ten : 열살밖에 안 되는 ■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (부사) 조현수 (코리아헤럴드) 1. clean the office floor much more [easily] than before *easily 쉽게 2. [Apparently], she does not know ~ *apparently 분명한 사실은, ~ 3. was delivered (promptly), so that ~ *promptly 신속하게 4. optical illusions to adaptive optics were [correctly] hung at the exhibit *correcly 똑바로 5. unless the items are (particularly) small ~ *particularly small 특히 작은 6. ~ see (who) will be attending the reception *who 누가 (의문대명사) 7. is (presently) being distributed *presently 현재, 지금 8. report (directly) to the manager *directly 즉시; 직접 9. we need to continue pursuing potential clients (aggressively) *aggressively 적극적으로; 공격적으로 10. did not (fully) appreciate your assistance *fully appreciate ~에 충분히 감사하다 11. ~ fill out the form (completely) *completely 완벽하게 12. Mr. Kim will (undoubtedly) be promoted *undoubtedly 틀림없이 13. The information should be written (clearly) *clearly 명료하게 14. ~ the landlord (unfairly) raised the rent *unfairly 부당하게 15. The company has (consistently) provided quality products *consistently 변함없이 16. it has become an (increasingly) popular hobby *increasingly popular ~: 점점 더 인기를 끄는 17. Follow the installation directions (carefully) *carefully 주의해서 18. ~ at prices (well) below the average list price ~ *well below ~: ~보다 훨씬 아래인 19. ~ motorists are advised to drive very (cautiously) *cautiously 주의해서 20. ~ discounts are available (exclusively) to members *exclusively 독점적으로; 오로지 21. ~ work progresses more (rapidly) when ~ *rapidly 신속하게; 급속하게 22. have [already] received the invitation *have already pp. *have not yet pp. 23. ~ [initially] resisted the proposal but eventually approved it *initially 처음에는 ↔ 결국에는 (eventually, in the end) 24. ~ seldom [directly] reflects the price in the market *directly 즉시 25. The winners will be drawn [randomly] from ~ *draw randomly 무작위로 추첨하다 26. The building is [presently] under construction *presently 현재, 지금 (currently) 27. reassure them [politely] *politely 공손하게; 정중하게 28. watch the report [closely] *watch closely 자세히 살펴보다 29. The machine was (clearly) designed to help customers *clearly 분명하게 30. it would cost (significantly) less than before *significantly 상당히 (considerably, substantially) 31. because they had (always) wanted to go abroad *always 늘, 언제나 32. They are (almost) entirely dependent on ~ *almost 거의 (nearly) 33. are (far) too expensive for the quality *far too expensive 지나치게 비싼 34. responded quite (differently) to the question *differently 다르게 35. In one week the researchers will (finally) release the results *finally 결국, 마침내 36. batteries should be inserted (correctly) *insert correctly 올바르게 삽입하다 37. we view her application (favorably) *favorably 호의적으로 38. subj. + verb. ;however, the previous positions on her resume were (exclusively) in accounting *exclusively 독점적으로 39. The best businesses ~ upgrade and innovate (continually) *continually 지속적으로 (consistently) 40. proceeded (slowly) because of the problem *slowly 서서히 41. grip the road (firmly) *firmly 단단하게; 확고하게 42. The explorers (accidentally) discovered the remains of the ancient city ~ *accidentally 우연히 (by accident; by chance) 43. the crop is ripening (nicely) *ripen nicely 제대로 익다 44. has increased (markedly) *increase markedly 급격히 증가하다 *markedly = dramatically, rapidly, sharply 45. training in (how) to deal with the problems *how to do: ~하는 방법 46. should be replaced as (quickly) as possible *quickly 신속하게 47. must register for the course (immediately) upon arriving *immediately 즉시 (at once) 48. Photos were supplied to the applicants, unless (otherwise) noted *otherwise 달리; 그렇지 않으면 49. will cover a spouse and (up to) three dependent children *up to three ~: 최고 셋까지 50. for her (widely) admired Arts Center *widely 널리 51. it (partially) obscures the driver"s ability to see around the corner *partially 부분적으로 52. the lawyer presented the case so (carelessly) that the judge required ~ *carelessly 부주의하게 cf. carefully 주의깊게 (cautiously) 53. Sales of the new cars are down (nearly) 5 percent *nearly 거의 (almost) 54. have worked incredibly (hard) *work hard 열심히 일하다 55. (Seldom) have the market conditions been more secure *seldom/rarely + have + 주어 + pp. (좀처럼 ~한 적이 없다) 56. take the customers" privacy (seriously) in order not to do *seriously 진지하게; 신중하게 57. The office has (recently) moved to another city *recently 최근에 (lately) 58. have not (yet) responded to the ~ *have not yet pp. = have yet to do: 아직 ~하지 못했다 59. (shortly) before the show begins *shortly before ~: ~ 직전에 *shortly after ~: ~ 직후에 60. it is (technically) impossible *technically 기술적으로 61. leaves shortly (thereafter) *shortly thereafter 그 직후에 62. he spoke (quietly) *speak quietly 조용히 말하다 63. wrap the items (securely) *wrap securely 단단히 포장하다 64. check (in) at the gate *check in 탑승 수속을 밟다 65. (Usually) discount tickets do not have various benefits *usually 보통 66. will (officially) open the store *officially 공식적으로 67. proceed (directly) to ~ *directly 즉시; 직접 68. the customers return (regularly) throughout the year *regularly = on a regular basis 정기적으로 69. examine the market (cautiously) *cautiously 주의 깊게 70. we will (happily) refund your money *happily 기꺼이 71. ~ often change (considerably) after ~ *considerably 상당히 (significantly, substantially) 72. should call (ahead) for reservation *ahead = in advance = beforehand 미리 73. The campaign has exceeded ~ and we have (therefore) *therefore 그러므로 74. ~ jewelry, and (also) traditional medicines *also 또한 75. has (alreadly) taken measures *have already pp. 76. had been distributed (equally) *equally 균등하게 77. the product was (originally) designed to provide ~ *originally 처음에는 (initially) 78. The introduction ~ was a huge step (forward) *step forward 전진 ■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (접속사) 조현수 (코리아헤럴드) 1. [although] sub. + verb ~ in person *양보접속사 (although, though, even though, even if) 2. responsibilities [that] ~ *동격 접속사 that 3. (Both) A and B *both A and B (상관접속사) 4. (after) dark *after it gets dark = after dark 5. (Although) S+V, *양보 6. The shop will be open, (even if) it is a national holiday. *양보 7. The coupon is valid (while) supplies last. *while ~하는 동안; ~하는 반면에 8. ~ have already received ~ (since) he ran the company *현재완료 + since + 과거 9. You have to decide whether to use curtains (or) blinds ~ *whether A or B (상관접속사) 10. ~ not only answer yesterday"s questions (but) also anticipate tomorrow"s needs *상관접속사 (not only but also B) 11. ~ (once) we receive the supporting documents *once 일단 ~하면 12. postpone the meeting [until] S + V *postpone A until B: A를 B까지 미루다 (지속성) 13. neither before 8 a.m. [nor] after 5 p.m. *neither A nor B 14. [so that] sub. can ~ *so that ~할 수 있도록 (목적) 15. When asked (whether) she will retire soon, ~ *whether ~인지 16. (Once) the form has been received, ~ *once 일단 ~하면 17. sub. + verb, (but) you have not yet received an identification card *but 그러나 18. from 20 private companies (and) 15 government agencies *A and B: 병렬구조 19. (Even though) labor costs were relatively low, ~ *양보 20. we will consider neither the expansion of the open-air parking facilities (nor) a reduction in ~ *neither A nor B 21. commute to work by bicycle (or) train *A or B (병렬구조) 22. (Although) this is ~, ~ *양보 23. attract more attention (than) ~ *비교급(more) ~ than 24. a previous achievement (as well as) a willingness *B as well as A = not only A but also B 25. the prices will continue to rise, (even though) government data indicates ~ *양보 26. both A (and) B *both A and B 27. (because) S + V *because ~하기 때문에 28. (so that) he can ~ *so that (목적) 29. (While) sub. + verb, *while ~하는 반면에; ~하는 동안 30. more direct communication (than) ~ *비교급(more) ~ than 31. sub. + verb (unless) + sub. + verb ~ *unless ~하지 않는다면 (if ~ not) 32. either at the box office (or) through our Web site *either A or B 33. (Providing) sufficient grant funding ~ *providing (that) ~ = provided (that) ~: ~한다면 (if) 34. refunds will be given on A, but [not] on bulk or discount ~ *not A but B = B, but not A ■ 2003. 1월-12월 파트 5 정리 (전치사) 조현수 (코리아헤럴드) 1. refrain [from] eating *refrain from = abstain from ~를 삼가다 2. should be delivered [by] hand *by hand 인편으로 (in person) 3. presented a plan [for] improving ~ *a plan for ~ing: ~하는 계획 4. (on) August 23 *on + 날짜/요일 5. submit the report (by) 6 a.m. *submit A by B: A를 B까지 제출하다 (완료시점에는 by) cf. postpone A until B: (지속성에는 until) 6. The music festival has been postponed (due to) the approaching storm *due to ~때문에 (because of) 7. (Thanks to) your assistance *thanks to ~덕분에, 때문에 (because of) 8. (for) free *for free = free of charge = at no charge 공짜로 9. (At) the time sub. + verb, *at the time ~할 때 10. He was promoted (after) successfully heading the task force team ~ *after ~ing: ~한 이후에 11. (without) sounding too angry ~ *without ~ing: ~하지 않고 12. ~ companies competing (for) government contracts *compete for ~를 위해 경쟁하다 cf. compete with ~와 경쟁하다 13. ~ (because of) the economic uncertainty, ~ *because of = due to 14. ~ at least 30 days (prior to) the departure date *prior to ~전에 15. Return this card (within) 10 days to receive ~ *within ten days 10일 이내에 16. ~ (throughout) the year ~ *throughout the year 1년 내내 17. Computers are regularly checked [for] disk errors *check A for B: A에서 B를 점검하다 18. [before] signing the contract ~ *before ~ing: ~하기 전에 19. [despite] concerns about ~ *despite = in spite of ~에도 불구하고 20. after working [as] a physician *work as ~로서 근무하다 21. in excess [of] $10,000 *in excess of ~를 초과하는 cf. exceed ~를 초과하다 22. regard community relations (as) a vital part *regard A as B = see A as B: A를 B로 여기다 23. Fresh vegetables can be obtained directly (from) the vendors. *obtain A from B: B로부터 A를 얻다 24. (at) all times *at all times = all the time 언제나 25. (After) the merger announcement, ~ *after ~후에 26. The instructors will arrive in plenty of time (for) the orientation session *in plenty of time for ~에 늦지 않게 넉넉히 27. they could benefit (from) their experience *benefit from ~로부터 이익을 얻다 28. will be provided (by) the marketing directors *be pp. by ~ (수동태) 29. largely (because of) healthy upturns in several key global markets *because of = due to = thanks to 30. (As) a five-time recipient the Employee of the Month award, he was the first choice for the position *as ~로서 31. (in) the town of New York~ *in the town 도시에 32. The report may be filed (until) ~ *until ~할 때까지 (전/접) cf. (전/접): after, before, since, until 33. (per) person *per person 1인당 34. a gap (between) demand and supply *a gap between A adn B: A와 B의 차이 35. anxiety (about) speaking in front of a lot of people *anxiety about ~에 대한 걱정 cf. be anxious about ~에 대해 걱정하다 36. collaborate (on) the new project *collaborate on ~에 대해 협력하다 cf. collaborate with ~와 협력하다 37. specifications (for) the new edition *specifications for ~에 대한 설명서 38. submit the report (in) writing *in writing 서면으로 39. (concerning) the contract *concerning = regarding = as to = about ~에 관하여 40. (at) the latest *at the latest 늦어도 cf. at least 적어도 41. showed some optimism (over) the future outlook *optimism over ~에 대한 낙관론 42. (through) years of diligent effort *through years of effort 수년간의 노력을 통해 43. be noted (for) ~ *be noted for = be famous for ~로 유명하다 44. (Under) the contract *under teh contract: 계약서하에서 45. must be submitted (in) writing *in writing 서면으로 46. has pledged to review the group"s operations (over) the next six months *over the next six months 앞으로 6개월 동안 47. meet with you at any time (from) 3 o"clock onwards, ~ *from 3 o"clock onwards: 3시 이후로 계속해서 48. blame rising taxes (for) the increase in ~ *blame A for B: B때문에 A를 비난하다 = accuse A of B 49. no single person will (be in charge) of all her projects *be in charge of = be reponsible for ~를 담당하다 50. know (in detail) what will happen *in detail 상세하게 51. Follow (up on) the promise *follow up on ~를 이행하다 52. ~ is original, [aside from] a few designs that imitated last year"s styles *aside from ~를 제외하고 (apart from) 53. the retailers are friendly, knowledgeable, and, [above all], enthusiastic about ~ their stock *above all 무엇보다도 (more than anything else)

출처 : 나비와꽃 풍경사진이 있는곳

글쓴이 : 석 양 원글보기

메모 :